BASIC PRINCIPLES AND FOUNDATIONS IN MIDWIFERY

The course aims to provide students with knowledge about the basic concepts of midwifery, the relationships between concepts, and the principles and methods of fundamental practices in individual care. It covers the historical development of the midwifery profession, roles and responsibilities of midwives, basic concepts of care, coping with stress, basic human needs, care models, psychosocial concepts, activities of daily living, healthcare systems, healthcare teams and the role of the midwife, ethics in midwifery, and the care process. Students will learn to view individuals and communities holistically according to basic human needs, understand the philosophy of midwifery and its place in the healthcare system, acquire the knowledge and skills to assist in health preservation and maintenance, and approach problem-solving in midwifery based on evidence. They will develop teaching skills for promoting health, understand the basic scientific principles of care at home and in healthcare institutions, and apply these principles in patient care to achieve desired behaviors.

Course Topics: Definition of Midwifery, Communication, Healthcare System, Environmental Safety, Rest and Sleep, Pain, Infection Control, Hygiene, Wound Care, Body Mechanics and Movement, Vital Signs, Drug Applications, Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance, Heat and Cold Therapy, Oxygenation, Elimination, Urinary Elimination, Midwifery Care Planning.

References:

• Akırcalı E., Basic Principles and Practices in Patient Care and Treatment, 2000

• Ulusoy F., Görgülü S., Nursing Principles, Vol. I, 1997, Ankara

• Sabuncu N., Alpar ŞE., Özdilli K., et al., Principles and Practices in Nursing Care, Alter Publishing, Ankara, 2008

• İnanç N., Hatipoğlu S., et al., Nursing Principles, Damla Publishing, Ankara, 1999

• Birol L., Nursing Process, 6th Edition, 2004, İzmir

• Ay F., Ertem Ü., Özcan N., et al., Basic Nursing Concepts, Principles, Practices, Medikal Publishing, Istanbul, 2008

Active participation in the course is essential.

MIDWIFERY MANAGEMENT

This course aims to provide students with knowledge, skills, and attitudes regarding planning, organizing, implementing, evaluating, and coordinating midwifery services. Students will compare management and nursing management models worldwide and in Turkey, recognize differences between models, define leadership and managerial roles in midwifery, evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of healthcare system organization, and propose new communication systems suitable for organizational structures in problem-solving and decision-making. Students will also compare hospital- and community-based care systems (functional nursing, team nursing, primary nursing, case management), discuss delegation in midwifery services, budgeting, human resources management, performance evaluation, and relate selected organizational behaviors to midwifery practice.

Course Topics: Introduction to Management, Organizational Theories, Scientific Management, Types of Health Organizations, Turkish Health System, Midwife Manager Functions (Planning, Organization/Coordination, Directing, Controlling), Responsibility, Ethics in Midwifery Management, Communication, Motivation and Job Satisfaction, Leadership in Midwifery, Time Management, Problem Solving and Decision Making, Staff Recruitment and Placement, Job Analysis, Budgeting, Performance Evaluation, Quality and Risk Management, Conflict and Stress Management, Legal Regulations in Health and Midwifery.

References:

• Velioğlu P., Nursing Management, Vehbi Koç Foundation Publications

• Huber, Diane, Leadership and Nursing Care Management, W.B. Saunders, 2000

• Sullivan, J.E., Decker, J.P., Effective Leadership and Management in Nursing, 5th Edition, 2001, Prentice Hall

• Marquis, B.L., Huston, J.C., Management Decision Making for Nurses, 3rd Edition, 1998

Active participation in the course is essential.

MIDWIFERY EDUCATION

Students learn to identify health problems in the community, prepare educational plans to teach individuals to maintain health, and implement these plans. Topics include basic concepts of education, teaching, learning, educational objectives, their relation to community health problems, planning, educational elements, healthcare and support systems, defining educational objectives (general, intermediate, specific), components of specific educational objectives (cognitive, affective, psychomotor), elements of objectives (action, content, condition, criterion), teaching methods (demonstration, case study, role play), basic measurement and evaluation concepts, group education, and instructional tools.

Students will be able to:

• Identify community health problems relevant to midwifery

• Define target groups for health education

• Determine educational objectives and evaluation methods

• Select and prepare necessary teaching tools and materials

Active participation in the course is essential.

BIOCHEMISTRY

Definition of biochemistry, cell structure and function, purpose of biochemistry, chemical bonds, carbohydrates (properties, classification, metabolism, digestion, disorders, diabetes), lipids (properties, classification, metabolism, disorders), amino acids and proteins (digestion, metabolism, disorders), nucleic acids (structure, heredity, metabolism, disorders), enzymes (properties, classification, mechanisms, diagnostic use), vitamins and coenzymes, hormones (general properties, mechanisms, classification, disorders), water and electrolyte metabolism, minerals.

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY

Introduction to microbiology, bacterial structure and characteristics, role in disease, microbial lifestyles, common pathogenic bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative), viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasites, bacterial genetics, antibiotics and resistance, laboratory techniques, sample collection, culture, antibiogram, sterilization, hygiene in nursing and midwifery, environmental microbiology, normal flora, nosocomial infections, infection control, microbiology in differential diagnosis.

IMMUNOLOGY

Definition and overview of the immune system, antigens, immune organs, immune cells, antibodies, antigen-antibody reactions, serology, allergic stimulation and immune response, hypersensitivity types, allergy development, autoimmune diseases, vaccines and serums (active and passive immunity), general vaccination rules.

MEDICAL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS

Cell structure, membranes, organelles, intercellular communication, cell cycle and checkpoints, mitosis vs meiosis, inheritance, hereditary diseases, free radicals and oxidative damage, antioxidant systems, mutations, DNA damage and repair, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, cancer development, stem cell ethics.

PHARMACOLOGY

Definition of pharmacology, drug use in medicine, pharmacokinetics, drug toxicity, autonomic nervous system drugs, cardiovascular drugs, anticoagulants, CNS drugs, chemotherapy, respiratory and gastrointestinal drugs, fluid-electrolyte and kidney medications, endocrine drugs, autacoids.

COMPUTER SCIENCE

Introduction to computers, history, operation, structure, operating systems, Microsoft Word and Excel, PowerPoint, internet, and computer networks.

FIRST AID

Basic knowledge and interventions for emergencies including CPR, fractures, burns, poisoning, choking, bleeding, trauma, electrical injuries, triage, and special situations.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Definition, historical development, research designs, descriptive, analytical, experimental, methodological studies, data sources, indicators, presentation, and planning. Infection epidemiology, outbreak investigation, and prevention.

MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH SERVICES

Maternal-child health definitions, child development 0–6 years, common childhood diseases, immunization, maternal health across life stages, family planning, prenatal and postnatal care, breastfeeding, high-risk pregnancy care, and relevant programs.

HISTOLOGY

Introduction to histology, tissue preparation methods, cell structure and function, cell division and death, tissues (epithelial, connective, blood, cartilage, bone, muscle, nervous), morphologic characteristics, microscopy techniques, and extracellular matrix.

PRENATAL PERIOD

Reproductive health, female anatomy and physiology, preconception care, genetic counseling, pregnancy formation, recognition, physiological and psychological changes, prenatal care objectives, fetal health assessment, immunization, nutrition, medication, and teratogenicity, childbirth preparation classes, and case studies.

NEONATAL CARE

Newborn physiological characteristics, adaptation, organ system functions, first care in delivery room, APGAR scoring, resuscitation, feeding, growth monitoring, high-risk neonates, drug administration, fluid-electrolyte balance, infectious diseases, special care practices (kangaroo care, massage, aromatherapy), psychosocial care, genetic counseling.

NORMAL DELIVERY AND POSTPARTUM CARE

Factors affecting normal labor, physiology of labor, labor pain, stages of labor, partograph use, maternal monitoring, analgesia and anesthesia, episiotomy, early postpartum care, breastfeeding initiation, puerperium physiology, home birth safety, lactation, and maternal safety.

HIGH-RISK LABOR

Prenatal care, risk assessment, management of high-risk pregnancies (pre-existing or emerging conditions), fetal health assessment (NST, CST, ultrasound, biophysical profile, amniocentesis), prenatal hemorrhage, multiple pregnancies, preterm birth threats, and evidence-based interventions.

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION AND PRACTICE

Communication concepts, components, barriers, verbal and nonverbal communication, stress, emotional deprivation, body language, crisis management, listening, empathy, loneliness, and hopelessness.